What deluge is
A deluge system uses open (no fusible link) sprinklers or spray nozzles. All heads in the zone discharge simultaneously when the deluge valve opens, triggered by a separate detection system.
EV parking application
Lithium-ion battery fires need huge cooling water flow to prevent thermal runaway propagation. FM DS 5-33 and emerging NFPA 88A guidance specify density ≥ 10 mm/min over the bay footprint. Deluge with side-by-side spray nozzles is the dominant approach.
Transformer protection
Oil-filled transformers use directional water-spray nozzles per NFPA 15. Densities range 6.1–10.2 L/min/m² of transformer surface. Drainage and oil separation are equally important to the deluge itself.
Flammable liquids
Foam-water deluge — combines deluge with proportioned foam concentrate. NFPA 11 + 16 govern. Application density is hazard-specific (typically 6.5 L/min/m² for hydrocarbon, 9.8 L/min/m² for polar solvents).
Quellen
- NFPA 15
- NFPA 16
- NFPA 88A
- FM DS 5-33
- APA
- FireTwin AI (2026). Deluge systems for EV parking, transformers and hazardous areas. FireTwin AI. https://firetwin.eu/de/learn/deluge-systems
- IEEE
- FireTwin AI, "Deluge systems for EV parking, transformers and hazardous areas," FireTwin AI, 2026. [Online]. Available: https://firetwin.eu/de/learn/deluge-systems